Carman, Judith Elaine. "The Song Cycle in the United States: 1900-1970, Part III." The National Association of Teachers of Singing Bulletin 33 (February 1977).

Cuney-Hare, Maud. Negro Musicians and Their Music. New York: Da Capo Press, 1974.

Friedburg, Ruth C. American Art Song and Poetry: Volume I America Comes of Age. New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1981.

Green, Mildred Denby. Black Women Composers: A Genesis. Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers, 1983.

Patterson, Willis C. Anthology of Art Songs by Black American Composers. New York: E.B. Marks Music, 1977.

Reisser, Mildred. "Howard Swanson: Distinguished Composer." Black Perspectives in Music 17, I - II (1986).

Scanlon, Roger. "Spotlight on American Composers: Hale Smith." The National Association of Teachers of Singing Bulletin 33 (May 1977).

Southern, Eileen. The Music of Black Americans. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1983.

Tischler, Alice. Fifteen Black American Composers: A Bibliography of Their Works. Michigan: Information Coordinators, Incorporated, 1981.

Villamil, Victoria Etnier. A Singer's Guide to the American Art Song, 1870 - 1980. New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1993.

Click on any of these links to read the essay, "The Importance of Studying African-American Art Song: